Oil palm residue lignocellulose treated with Bacillus cereus on handsheet production

Biodelignification treatment with Bacillus cereus isolated from termite gut is used to create handsheet from oil palm residue (oil palm leaf, oil palm trunk, and empty fruit bunch) from Coptotermus curvignathus. The biodelignification process was carried out using non-optimized condition of submerged fermentation (SmF). The lignocellulose chemical composition was obtained through technical association pulp and paper industry TAPPI T 222 om-02 testing on lignin content reduction determination, holocellulose and hemicellulose content determination (Kurscher-Hoffner method) to determine the physical and mechanical strength of the handsheet. Brightness, opacity, contrast ratio, din transparency, thickness, bursting, and tearing indexes are among the data gathered for handsheet characterization. Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and ImageJ software, handsheet surface morphology was observed on the ratio of gaps discrepancies between fiber bonding. The untreated and treated substrates' supplement raw data results of lignocellulose chemical composition and handsheet characterization analysis are viewed. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with a p-value of less than 0.05 indicating that the findings are significant. The results are used for better improvement and more analysis on the optimization level.