Data from: Warning signal brightness variation: sexual selection may work under the radar of natural selection in populations of a polytypic poison frog

Though theory predicts consistency of warning signals in aposematic
species to facilitate predator learning, variation in these signals often
occurs in nature. The strawberry poison frog, Dendrobates pumilio, is an
exceptionally polytypic aposematic frog exhibiting variation in warning
color and brightness. In the Solarte population, males and females both
respond differentially to male brightness variation. Here, we demonstrate
through spectrophotometry and visual modeling that variation in aposematic
brightness within this population is likely visible to two putative
predators (crabs, snakes) and conspecifics, but not to the presumed major
predator (birds). This study thus suggests that signal brightness within
D. pumilio populations can be shaped by sexual selection, with limited
opportunity for natural selection to influence this trait due to predator
sensory constraints. As changes in signal brightness can ultimately lead
to changes in hue, our findings at the within-population level can provide
insights into understanding this polytypism at across-population scales.