Governance of multi-dimensional spatial relations of five national cultural parks in China

The national cultural park is an innovative outcome formed through the efficient protection and utilization of large-scale cultural heritage and resources in China, through localization practices and international exchanges. On the basis of reviewing the existing research achievements in cultural space, this study adopts the TPSN spatial relations theory and the cultural structure theory, utilizes Cross-Analysis based on spatial dimensions of territory, place, network, scale, as well as the cultural dimensions of cultural material carriers, cultural representations, and cultural practices, and constructs a general governance logic for the multidimensional spatial relations of national cultural parks. Furthermore, the breakthrough directions and action routes for the spatial relations governance of the 5 national cultural parks have been explored. It has been found that the spatial relations of current national cultural parks follows 2 types of spatial generative orders: place guided order and network guided order, and due to differences in practical conditions, 3 spatial relations governance focuses have been formed: place, scale, and network. At the same time, the functional connotations of various spatial relations maintain high consistency in different national cultural parks governance contexts. Place relations are the main carriers of the vast majority of cultural resources and constitute the key core of the attractiveness of national cultural parks. Territory relations reflect the recognition and adjustment of place relations by diverse power entities, and preliminarily stipulate the operational rules and adjustment methods of various governance objects. The scale relations focuses on the nested combination of various spatial elements and their governance strategies at different levels, which is a key tool for connecting and integrating governance fields. Network relations are the fundamental relations that ensure the normal operation of other spatial relations and run through the entire process of national cultural parks governance.