卡若拉冰川-世界地理数据大百科辞条

卡若拉冰川位于西藏自治区山南地区浪卡子县和日喀则地区江孜县交界处，北纬28度56分50.95秒-28度54分23.30秒，东经90度11分42.21秒-90度09分26.23秒，属大陆性冰川，平均海拔5042米，是近南北向展布的宁金岗桑峰的组成部分，冰川上部为一坡度较缓的冰帽，下部为两个呈悬冰川形式的冰舌，东冰舌长3公里，宽750米，冰舌末端高5233m，西冰舌长4.5公里，宽1.5公里，冰舌末端高5145米。崖壁上有清晰的冰川磨蚀痕迹。卡若拉冰川是年楚河源头，位于羊卓雍错湖面西畔，紧邻公路边，是目前西藏境内重要的旅游景区。根据综合80年代冰川失量编目数据（中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所）, LANDSAT，Google Earth遥感影像与野外考察等相关数据基础上研发完成1972-2016年冰川面积数据集，数据表明，1972年卡若拉冰川面积为9.43km2，2016年冰川面积为9.25km2,近40年冰川面积减少0.18km2,冰川面积变化率1.91%，年平均变化速率每年0.08%。数据表明，近40年来，卡若拉冰川面积变化在不同时期有不同的变化特点。以2005年为界，冰川在2005年之前以负距平为主，2005年之后以正距平居多，说明冰川在2005年以来有略微增加趋势，2016年的冰川面积比2005年增加了0.12km2；冰川面积空间变化显示，近40年主要以冰川末端及南部冰舌区域变化最明显。具体为1972-1999年期间主要变化在南部冰川末端，1972-2010年期间除南部冰川末端区域有退缩状态外，在西南坡（舌形区）位置退缩最明显，由此得出西南坡的退缩是在进入2000年后形成的。1972-2016年，西南坡（舌形区）冰川及末端略有前进，东南部冰川末端稍有退缩，其他区域无明显变化。本数据集包括1972-2016年间23个年份的冰川地理信息数据，存储为.shp和.kmz格式。压缩后数据量为148KB。

Karola Glacier is situated at the border between Langkazi County (Shannan Prefecture) and Gyangze County (Shigatse Prefecture), Tibet Autonomous Region, with geographic coordinates ranging from 28°54'23.30"N to 28°56'50.95"N and 90°09'26.23"E to 90°11'42.21"E. It is a continental glacier, with an average elevation of 5042 m, and constitutes part of the nearly north-south trending Nyenjen Kangsang Peak. The upper section of the glacier is a gently sloping ice cap, while the lower section comprises two ice tongues in the form of hanging glaciers. The eastern ice tongue is 3 km in length, 750 m in width, with its terminus at an elevation of 5233 m; the western ice tongue is 4.5 km long, 1.5 km wide, with its terminus at 5145 m above sea level. Distinct glacial abrasion marks are visible on the cliff faces.

Karola Glacier serves as the source of the Nyangchu River, lies on the western shore of Yamdrok Lake, is adjacent to public roads, and is currently an important tourist destination within Tibet.

This dataset was developed based on comprehensive multi-source data, including 1980s glacier inventories (Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences), LANDSAT and Google Earth remote sensing imagery, and field survey data, covering the period from 1972 to 2016.

According to the dataset, the area of Karola Glacier was 9.43 km² in 1972 and 9.25 km² in 2016. Over the past 40 years, the glacier area has decreased by 0.18 km², with a total change rate of 1.91% and an annual average change rate of 0.08% per annum.

The dataset also reveals that the glacier area changes exhibited distinct characteristics across different periods over the past 40 years. Taking 2005 as the cutoff year, the glacier area was dominated by negative anomalies before 2005, while positive anomalies were more common after 2005, indicating a slight increasing trend of the glacier since 2005. Specifically, the glacier area in 2016 was 0.12 km² larger than that in 2005.

Spatially, the most prominent changes in glacier area over the past 40 years occurred in the glacier termini and the southern ice tongue regions. During 1972–1999, the main changes were concentrated at the southern glacier termini. During 1972–2010, apart from the retreat at the southern glacier termini, the most obvious retreat was observed in the southwestern slope (tongue-shaped area), suggesting that the retreat of this region began after 2000. However, during 1972–2016, the glaciers on the southwestern slope (tongue-shaped area) and their termini advanced slightly, the southeastern glacier termini retreated slightly, and no significant changes were detected in other regions.

This dataset contains glacial geographic information data for 23 years between 1972 and 2016, stored in .shp and .kmz formats. The compressed size of the dataset is 148 KB.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于西藏卡若拉冰川，提供了1972年至2016年的长期监测数据，主要用于研究冰川面积变化及其与气候变化的关联。数据集基于多源遥感数据和实地调查，以矢量格式存储，显示冰川面积在40年间减少了0.18平方公里，变化趋势在2005年前后存在差异，突出了冰川退缩的空间异质性。