Is it possible to detect manipulation by looking only at electoral returns? Drawing on work in psychology, we exploit individuals' biases in generating numbers to highlight suspicious digit patterns i
This paper develops a new approach to detecting electoral fraud. Our context involves repeaters, individuals voting in multiple states in the U.S. during 19th Century Congressional Elections. Given hi
Digit-based election forensics typically relies on null hypothesis significance testing, with undesirable effects on substantive conclusions. This paper proposes an alterna- tive free of this problem.