Solid-state UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) measures the light absorption performance and bandgap width of catalysts. In this study, the TU-1901 instrument model was utilized
Storage (G’) and loss modulus (G”) are determined at ω = 1 1/s and the ratio of viscous and elastic parts are calculated (Tan δ). Complex viscosity was also determined at ω = 1 rad/sec.