DataSheet1_Tracking Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Greenhouse-Led Cultivated Land and its Drivers in Shandong Province, China.docx

Rapid urbanization and economic development have led the diversified food production and consumption. In this context, as a highly efficient and intensive cultivated land use form, Greenhouse-led cultivated land (GCL) has continuously increased in recent decades worldwide. Previously works have documented the irrational expansion of GCL in challenging the ecological environment and sustainable agricultural development. However, these studies either have been short-term and point-based studies or have not revealed the long-term causes, process and patterns in a large-scale. In this study, long-term annual remote sensing-based and statistical data were used to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of GCL and its drivers in Shandong province, China from 1989 to 2018. The results showed that: 1) GCL in Shandong was toward continuous clustering dominated by medium-low and medium densities, showing the same trend as the increase of its total area; 2) GCL with a cumulative duration of more than 15 years and a demolition frequency of less than 0.2 were mainly distributed in the industrial clustering regions and roughly formed a circular expansion pattern around the central mountainous area with the most expansion period appeared in the mid-2010’s; 3) Budget expenditure for rural development, local retail sales and average earnings of local farmers were the most important local driving factors of the GCL expansion in Shandong. 4) The competition of external vegetable supply and the consumption demand from Beijing were the main external driving forces of the expansion of GCL in Shandong. These findings can enhance the comprehensive understanding of typical component of “Human-Nature” interaction and support the sustainable development of regional agriculture.

迅猛的城市化和经济发展推动了食品生产的多元化与消费。在此背景下，作为一种高效密集的耕作土地利用形式，以温室农业为引领的耕作土地（GCL）在全球范围内近年来持续增加。先前的研究已经记录了GCL在挑战生态环境和可持续农业发展方面的不合理扩张。然而，这些研究要么是短期和点状的研究，要么未能揭示大规模中的长期原因、过程和模式。在本研究中，利用1989年至2018年期间山东省的长期年度遥感数据和统计数据，对GCL及其驱动因素的空间时间动态进行了调查。研究结果表明：1）山东省的GCL呈现出以中低密度为主、持续集聚的趋势，其总面积的增长也呈现出相同的趋势；2）累计使用年限超过15年且拆除频率低于0.2的GCL主要分布在工业集聚区域，大致形成以中部山区为中心的圆形扩张模式，其中扩张最剧烈的时期出现在2010年代中期；3）农村发展预算支出、地方零售销售额和当地农民的平均收入是山东省GCL扩张最重要的本地驱动因素；4）外部蔬菜供应的竞争和北京的消费需求是山东省GCL扩张的主要外部驱动力量。这些发现可以加深对“人-自然”互动典型要素的综合理解，并支持区域农业的可持续发展。