The cross-modal responses of the human oral microbiome in Europe to the Industrial Revolutions

In this study, we discerned notable shifts in both the taxonomic composition and functional potential of the human oral microbiome in response to the Industrial Revolution. Intriguingly, these shifts became apparent only after meticulous consideration and adjustment for geographic and oral geography factors. Our findings underscore the critical importance of accounting for these confounding variables in oral microbiome research, as they can significantly influence the interpretation of results and the understanding of how industrialization has impacted our oral microbial communities.