Multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM) and maximum likelihood population effects (MLPE) results showing the relationship between pairwise genetic distance (linearized Dest) and resistance distances incorporating landscape heterogeneity.

Candidate models tested were based on a priori hypotheses. For clarity, only models with relatively high support based on ΔAICc and wi are shown (i.e. confidence set of candidate models; [74]). Optimal cost values used to parameterize resistance surfaces prior to calculating resistance distances were selected based on Mantel r correlation coefficients. VIF = Variance Inflation Factor. PRE represents P-value for population effect.