Microbial network stability in organophosphorus pesticide-contaminated soils is improved by microbial inoculant application

The experiment was conducted in August 2020 at the Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology. Surface soil (0-20 cm depth) was collected from agricultural fields in Weinan city, Shaanxi Province. The soil was classified as Haplic Luvisol (FAO/UNESCO/ISRIC, 1988), characterized by a distinct clay-enriched subsurface horizon (argic horizon). This structure typically results in moderate drainage capacity and balanced nutrient retention properties. After plant debris and gravel were removed, the soils were homogenized through a 2-mm sieve.