Additional files_Monocyte biomarkers define sargramostim treatment outcomes for Parkinson’s disease

Clinical and pathobiological diversity of Parkinson's disease (PD) presents a major challenge in the development of relevant biomarkers to monitor disease progression and disease-modifying therapies. Based on the involvement of innate immunity in the onset and tempo of PD, transcriptomic and proteomic monocyte cell signatures were evaluated in five PD patients during the course of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, Sargramostim, LeukineR) Therapy. Sargramostim, a well-known immune modulator, may provide a monocyte signature capable of scoring clinical motor functions during disease-linked immune transformation therapy.