South African Lockdown Smoking Survey 2020 - South Africa

Abstract
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Between 27 March and 17 August 2020, the South African Government imposed and extended a ban on the sale of all tobacco and vaping products, as part of the lockdown to fight the COVID-19 virus. The South African Lockdown Smoking Survey (SALSS) is an online survey that collected data on cigarette smoking behaviour before, during and after this sales ban. The Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products (REEP), based at the University of Cape Town, conducted 3 online surveys between 29 April and 16 November to determine how individuals responded to the ban on cigarette sales during the lockdown, and to evaluate how it impacted the cigarette market in South Africa. The first and second surveys (SALSS Round 1 and Round 2) were designed to assess how cigarette smokers responded to the sales ban in terms of smoking prevalence and purchasing behaviour (prices paid, outlet type and brand choice). The third survey (SALSS Round 3) was conducted after the sales ban had been lifted and focused on how the market adjusted after the ban.

Geographic coverage
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The survey was advertised to all South Africans using social media, specifically: Twitter (the REEP twitter account), Moya (a data-free (cost-free) instant messenger application) and Change.org (a petition website). As such there was no ex-ante sampling frame or intention to produce statistically representative estimates.

Analysis unit
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Individuals

Universe
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The SALSS covered all South African adults (aged 18 and older) who were regular cigarette smokers (at least one cigarette per day) at the time the tobacco sales ban was announced.

Kind of data
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Qualitative and quantitative data

Sampling procedure
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The survey was developed and hosted on the SurveyMonkey website. Social media (Twitter and the petition site www.change.org) was used to advertise the survey and print media outlets were also used in Round 1. Additionally the survey advert was posted on Moya Messenger, a data-free/airtime-free instant messaging service, where user costs were covered by the survey team. Participation was encouraged by offering respondents the opportunity to win a prize.

Mode of data collection
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Internet [int]

Research instrument
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In each round a single self-administered online survey questionnaire was administered through SurveyMonkey. The Round 1 questionnaire was published in English and Afrikaans. Questionnaires for Rounds 2 and 3 were only published in English.

Cleaning operations
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Data collected by REEP was in excel format and in various files depending on the method of contact and interview. These files were collated by DataFirst into a research-ready format.

Notes on data cleaning:
· Incomplete surveys are included with a flag to indicate such.
· Under 18s have been excluded as they were not supposed to answer the survey.
· Prices have been cleaned but those that did not match DataFirst's cleaning algorithms were not dropped but rather stored in a "price - other" variable so that the analyst can decide how to process these.
· Similarly, where the respondent indicated being unsure about the price, using words like "around, plus minus" and so on, this is indicated with a flag in the relevant rounds.

Data appraisal
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There were some changes to the survey between rounds 2 and 3: in Rounds 1 and 2 answers to questions on prices were open ended, resulting in some messy responses. In Round 3 this question had coded responses. This change may affect the response rate, the accuracy of the responses, and overall continuity. DataFirst coded responses Round 1 and 2 price information questions to improve comparability.

摘要
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在2020年3月27日至8月17日期间，南非政府为应对COVID-19病毒而实施的封锁措施中，对烟草和电子烟产品的销售实施了禁令，并延长了该禁令。南非封锁期间吸烟调查（SALSS）是一项在线调查，旨在收集禁售期间、禁售前后吸烟行为的数据。位于开普敦大学的可征税产品经济研究单位（REEP）于2020年4月29日至11月16日间进行了3次在线调查，以确定个体对封锁期间香烟销售禁令的反应，并评估其对南非香烟市场的冲击。第一次和第二次调查（SALSS第1轮和第2轮）旨在评估吸烟者对销售禁令的反应，包括吸烟的普遍性和购买行为（支付价格、销售渠道类型和品牌选择）。第三次调查（SALSS第3轮）在禁令解除后进行，主要关注禁令解除后市场如何调整。
地理覆盖范围
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该调查通过社交媒体（特别是Twitter（REEP的Twitter账户）、Moya（一款无数据费用（免费）的即时通讯应用）和Change.org（一个请愿网站））向所有南非人进行宣传。因此，没有事前的抽样框架或意图产生具有统计学代表性的估计。
分析单元
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个人
总体
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SALSS涵盖了所有在烟草销售禁令宣布时为日常吸烟者（每天至少吸一支烟）的南非成年人（18岁及以上）。
数据类型
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定性和定量数据
抽样程序
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调查是在SurveyMonkey网站上开发并举办的。社交媒体（Twitter和请愿网站www.change.org）用于宣传调查，第一轮还使用了印刷媒体。此外，调查广告发布在Moya Messenger上，这是一款无数据费用/免费通话时间的即时通讯服务，用户费用由调查团队承担。通过提供获奖机会来鼓励参与。
数据收集方式
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互联网 [int]
研究工具
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在每一轮中，通过SurveyMonkey进行一次自我管理的在线调查问卷。第1轮问卷以英语和荷兰语发布。第2轮和第3轮的调查问卷仅以英语发布。
数据清理操作
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REEP收集的数据以Excel格式存储，根据接触和访谈的方法，存储在多个文件中。这些文件由DataFirst整理成研究准备格式。
数据清理注意事项：
· 不完整的调查包括带有标志以指示此类情况。
· 未满18岁的人已被排除，因为他们不应回答调查。
· 价格已经过清理，但那些不符合DataFirst的清理算法的价格没有被删除，而是存储在一个“价格-其他”变量中，以便分析师决定如何处理这些数据。
· 类似地，当受访者表示对价格不确定时，使用诸如“大约”、“加减”等词语，这将在相关轮次中以标志表示。
数据评估
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在第二轮和第三轮之间对调查进行了一些更改：在第一轮和第二轮中，关于价格的问题的答案是开放式，导致了一些混乱的回应。在第三轮中，这个问题有了编码的回答。这种变化可能会影响回应率、回应的准确性以及整体的一致性。DataFirst对第一轮和第二轮的价格信息问题进行了编码，以提高可比性。