Temperature, hydration, and physical performance differences of collegiate male soccer athletes between synthetic turf and natural turfgrass during competitive 6v6 matches in a hot environment

This study examines the thermoregulatory responses, hydration status, and physical performance of collegiate male soccer athletes competing on synthetic (ST) and natural turf (NT) in a hot environment. With a focus on comparing athlete responses between the two pitch types, the study aims to provide valuable data to inform policies and decisions about competitions on ST and NT pitches in warmer climates.

The study included twenty-six athletes from the Texas A&M University Men’s Club Soccer team, with analyses focused on nineteen athletes who completed matches on both ST and NT surfaces. The participants, experienced and highly fit soccer athletes, were divided into two groups for fluid monitoring: a fluid-restricted group and a fluid-allowed group. Conducted in September 2021 at the Penberthy Recreational Sports Complex, the crossover design involved each participant playing on both pitch types, with a two-week recovery period between sessions. Data were collected during six total 6v6 soccer matches, held at various times of day to capture different microclimate conditions. Each match consisted of four 22.5-minute quarters, with a 10-minute break for data collection in a nearby controlled environment.

Data collection methods were extensive, including microclimate measurements using meteorological sensors for ambient conditions and thermal imaging for surface temperatures. Physiological data included continuous heart rate monitoring for all participants, and continuous skin and core temperature measurements for fluid-restricted participants, who were also weighed before and after each quarter to estimate fluid loss. Physical performance metrics, such as distance, speed, and acceleration, were recorded using wearable Titan 2+ devices.

Data cleaning procedures were conducted to ensure accuracy and consistency. All sensor data were pre-calibrated, and any outliers or inconsistencies from environmental interference were removed. Heart rate data with connectivity issues were interpolated using adjacent values, and participant weight data were adjusted for clothing differences to maintain comparability. Physical performance data were reviewed for completeness, and any out-of-range or malfunctioning readings were excluded.

This dataset captures microclimate, physiological, and physical performance data, allowing for a comparative analysis of athletes’ responses on ST and NT in warm conditions.