Production rates of ATP (top left) and lactate (top right). The threshold value of the minimal ATP requirement is depicted by the black line. Percentage of anaerobically metabolized glucose (bottom le
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing polykaryons responsible for skeletal remodeling during health and disease. Coincident with their differentiation from myeloid precursors, osteoclasts undergo extensive t
The pesticides paraquat (PQ) and maneb (MB) have been described as environmental risk factors for Parkinson’s disease (PD), with mechanisms associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxyge
