Data for "Stronger associations between sea ice and mid-latitude summer vegetation greenness and photosynthesis more than high-latitude"

Summer vegetation greenness and photosynthesis are key regulators of the global carbon-water cycle and energy balance. In addition to local climatic drivers, they are influenced by teleconnection factors. “Arctic amplification” accelerates sea ice loss, which may in turn affect terrestrial vegetation dynamics, yet its mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, using satellite‐derived normalized difference vegetation index and solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence alongside climate and ocean reanalysis data, we develop a framework that integrates local climate and teleconnection influences. We find that sea ice loss enhances summer greening and photosynthesis, with pronounced spatial heterogeneity. Its impact is stronger in mid‐latitude temperate regions than in high‐latitude Arctic areas. This work offers new insights into the upstream cryosphere-climate indicator of land vegetation dynamics and provides critical parameters for next‐generation Earth system models.