Indirect methods to estimate parental status, such as the observation of parental provisioning, have been problematic due to potential biases associated with imperfect detection. We developed a method
Abstract Reproductive efficiency should be evaluated in dairy farms, when they are related to reproductive problems in both female and male. Breeding is among factors that affect herd productivity an
The parental species (E. macularius—PM, E. angramainyu—PA), their hybrids of the first (F1) and second (F2) filial generations, backcrosses of F1 females to male of E. angramainyu (B1A; denoted as MAx
1.Migration is a widespread phenomenon in the animal kingdom. On the basis of the considerable variation that exists between and within species, and even within populations, we may be able to infer th
ABSTRACT This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of age on bull traits such as scrotal circumference, pelage color, and semen quality, from puberty to post sexual maturity. Data from 6607 breeding