P. xylostella mortality after oral infection with P. taiwanensis wild-type and ΔtccC strains or their cell lysate, sonicated pellet, sonicated supernatant, or culture supernatant on day 5.

aP. taiwanensis wild-type, ΔtccC mutant strains, and their various proteins fractions were fed to three instar of healthy larvae.bMortality is the percentage of larvae death. n is the sample size of the treated groups. The data were collected on day 5.cThe two tail student t-test was used to elucidate statistical significance. Each treatment was repeated three times.dSimilarity with b, n is the sample size of the negative control PBS-treated group.eIngestion dose: 50 µl OD = 0.5, 1, 2 cells/0.5×1 cm2 vegetable block.fIngestion dose: The crude extract contained 300 ng of proteins.