Study characteristics of the included studies.

? = unclear, * = not mentioned, # = study consists out of multiple experiments (Chen et al;4 exp., Tarasenko et al. 3 exp), Δ = in statisitcal anlysis different numbers of animals used, ∞ = study contains 4 experiments, and thus also 4 control groups: AP parenteral nutrition for 4 days, AP parenteral nutrition for 7 days : AP enteral nutrition for 4 days, AP enteral nutrition for 7 days, (¤) all animals receive labeled e-coli as well, SD = spraque dawley rat, M = male, F = female, id. = intraductally, iv = intravenously, AP = acute pancreatitis, MLN = mesenteric lymph nodes, HP = histpathology, BT = bacterial translocation.