Muography-Based Approach to Density and Saturation Estimation in Porous Media: Insights from a Laboratory-Scale Experiment

Description: This dataset includes raw and processed data from laboratory-based muon flux measurements as well as simulation outputs used for density estimation and attenuation modeling in porous media. Supporting metadata and a complete list of variables are provided. Contents: 1. Acrylic experimental dataset: Contains the raw coinciding muon event data collected during laboratory experiments using acrylic blocks of varying thicknesses. The dataset includes time-stamped flux measurements under controlled conditions, used to analyze attenuation trends and validate detector performance. The dataset is structured in a single xyz file, includes 3 columns: 1: timestamp, 2: Channel (1-4), 3: Pulse height. 2. Acrylic simulation dataset: This dataset includes simulation outputs that model muon flux attenuation through acrylic using the PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) Monte Carlo simulation framework. Due to the large data volume, the simulations are divided into multiple files. Each simulation stage represents 48 hours of virtual exposure and is executed using four different random seed values (1-4 files, equivalent to 12 hours). Each detector's output is stored separately in the dmp/ directory. These files contain all events that passed through the respective detector. Each recorded event is stored as a data matrix consisting of the following indices: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 18, 19 These indices correspond to specific physical quantities such as particle ID, energy, spatial coordinates, direction cosines, statistical weight, and timestamp. Detailed descriptions of each index are provided in the official PHITS User’s Manual. 3. Sand experimental dataset: Contains the raw conceding muon event data collected during laboratory experiments using changing saturation sand cubes. The dataset includes time-stamped flux measurements under controlled conditions, used to analyze attenuation trends and validate detector performance. The dataset is structured in a single xyz file, includes 3 columns: 1: timestamp, 2: Channel (1-4), 3: Pulse height. 4. Sand simulation dataset: This dataset includes simulation outputs that model muon flux attenuation through varying saturation porous sand using the PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) Monte Carlo simulation framework. 5. Meteorological dataset: Contains auxiliary atmospheric environmental data (temperature, pressure) recorded during all experimental runs. Ownership and Licensing: This dataset is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). You are free to use it, provided you give appropriate credit, include a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.