3.The Driving Effect of Transformation Policies on Industry-Academia-Education Integration in Applied Undergraduate Universities: Mechanism Tests, Spatial Spillovers, and Long-Term Dynamics—An Empirical Study Based on a Multi-Period DID Model

This study employs the Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach, utilizing balanced panel data from China's 31 provinces spanning 2011–2022. It analyzes the impact and operational mechanisms of applied undergraduate institution policies on the level of industry-education integration from dual dimensions: technology markets and industrial structure.