Sentinel-2 KappaZeta Cloud and Cloud Shadow Masks

General information The dataset consists of 4403 labelled subscenes from 155 Sentinel-2 (S2) Level-1C (L1C) products distributed over the Northern European terrestrial area. Each S2 product was oversampled at 10 m resolution for 512 x 512 pixels subscenes. 6 L1C S2 products were labelled fully. Among other 149 S2 products the most challenging ~10 subscenes per product were selected for labelling. In total the dataset represents 4403 labelled Sentinel-2 subscenes, where each sub-tile is 512 x 512 pixels at 10 m resolution. The dataset consists of around 30 S2 products per month from April to August and 3 S2 products per month for September and October. Each selected L1C S2 product represents different clouds, such as cumulus, stratus, or cirrus, which are spread over various geographical locations in Northern Europe. The classification pixel-wise map consists of the following categories: 0 – MISSING: missing or invalid pixels; 1 – CLEAR: pixels without clouds or cloud shadows; 2 – CLOUD SHADOW: pixels with cloud shadows; 3 – SEMI TRANSPARENT CLOUD: pixels with thin clouds through which the land is visible; include cirrus clouds that are on the high cloud level (5-15km). 4 – CLOUD: pixels with cloud; include stratus and cumulus clouds that are on the low cloud level (from 0-0.2km to 2km). 5 – UNDEFINED: pixels that the labeler is not sure which class they belong to. The dataset was labelled using Computer Vision Annotation Tool (CVAT) and Segments.ai. With the possibility of integrating active learning process in Segments.ai, the labelling was performed semi-automatically. The dataset limitations must be considered: the data is covering only terrestrial region and does not include water areas; the dataset is not presented in winter conditions; the dataset represent summer conditions, therefore September and October contain only test products used for validation. Current subscenes do not have georeferencing, however, we are working towards including them in next version. More details about the dataset structure can be found in README. Contributions and Acknowledgements The data were annotated by Fariha Harun and Olga Wold. The data verification and Software Development was performed by Indrek Sünter, Heido Trofimov, Anton Kostiukhin, Marharyta Domnich, Mihkel Järveoja, Olga Wold. Methodology was developed by Kaupo Voormansik, Indrek Sünter, Marharyta Domnich. We would like to thank Segments.ai annotation tool for instant and an individual customer support. We are grateful to European Space Agency for reviews and suggestions. We would like to extend our thanks to Prof. Gholamreza Anbarjafari for the feedback and directions. The project was funded by European Space Agency, Contract No. 4000132124/20/I-DT.

数据集基本信息
本数据集包含来自155景分布于北欧陆地区域的哨兵2号（Sentinel-2, S2）L1C级（Level-1C, L1C）产品的4403个带标注子场景。每景S2产品均被重采样至10米分辨率，裁剪为512×512像素的子场景。其中6景L1C级S2产品完成全量标注；其余149景S2产品各选取约10个标注难度最高的子场景进行标注。本数据集总计包含4403个带标注的哨兵2号子场景，每个子场景分辨率为10米，尺寸为512×512像素。
数据集的S2产品按月份分布为：4月至8月每月约30景，9月与10月每月仅3景。每景入选的L1C级S2产品均覆盖北欧不同地理区域的各类云系，包括积云、层云和卷云。
本数据集的逐像素分类地图包含以下类别：
0 – 缺失（MISSING）：缺失或无效像素；
1 – 晴空（CLEAR）：无云或无云阴影的像素；
2 – 云影（CLOUD SHADOW）：带有云阴影的像素；
3 – 半透明云（SEMI TRANSPARENT CLOUD）：覆盖薄云、可透过云层看见地表的像素，包括位于5-15千米高空的卷云；
4 – 云（CLOUD）：带有云层的像素，包括位于0-0.2千米至2千米低空的层云和积云；
5 – 未定义（UNDEFINED）：标注人员无法确定所属类别的像素。
本数据集采用计算机视觉标注工具（Computer Vision Annotation Tool, CVAT）与Segments.ai平台完成标注；依托Segments.ai集成的主动学习流程，标注工作以半自动化方式开展。
需注意本数据集的局限性：仅覆盖陆地区域，未包含水域；数据均为夏季场景，未涉及冬季环境；9月与10月的产品仅用作验证测试集。当前版本的子场景未附带地理配准信息，我们正致力于在下一版本中加入该功能。关于数据集结构的更多细节，请参阅README文件。

贡献与致谢
数据标注工作由Fariha Harun与Olga Wold完成。数据验证与软件开发工作由Indrek Sünter、Heido Trofimov、Anton Kostiukhin、Marharyta Domnich、Mihkel Järveoja及Olga Wold共同完成。方法学研究由Kaupo Voormansik、Indrek Sünter与Marharyta Domnich共同开发。
感谢Segments.ai标注平台提供的即时专属客户支持。感谢欧洲空间局（European Space Agency, ESA）提供的评审与建议。特别感谢Gholamreza Anbarjafari教授提供的反馈与研究方向指导。本项目由欧洲空间局（European Space Agency, ESA）资助，合同编号为4000132124/20/I-DT。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是一个针对Sentinel-2卫星图像的云和云阴影掩膜数据集，包含4403个标记的子场景，覆盖北欧陆地地区，用于遥感图像分割和深度学习应用。数据集提供了像素级分类，涵盖清晰、云阴影、半透明云和云等类别，但仅限于夏季陆地条件且无地理参考。