MicroRNAs (miRNAs) associate with Argonaute (AGO) proteins to direct widespread post-transcriptional gene repression. Although association with AGO typically protects miRNAs from nucleases, extensive
yH2AX immunolocalization is shown for 0.005% MMS-treated U2OS cells stably expressing GFP-Rad18-Ub that were pre-extracted with 0.5% NP-40 in PBS before fixation in PFA.
Ubiquitin ligases (E3s) serve as key regulators for the ubiquitylation-mediated pathway. The identification of the corresponding relationship between E3 and its substrates is challenging but required
