Enterprise Survey 2009 - Viet Nam

Abstract
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This research was conducted in Vietnam between June 2009 and January 2010 as part of the Enterprise Survey initiative.

The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises in client countries on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance. The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities sectors.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample for Vietnam was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region.

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into 6 manufacturing industries, 1 services industry -retail -, and two residual sectors. Each manufacturing industry had a target of 160 interviews. The services industry and the two residual sectors had a target of 120 interviews. For the manufacturing industries sample sizes were inflated by about 33% to account for potential non-response cases when requesting sensitive financial data and also because of likely attrition in future surveys that would affect the construction of a panel. An additional 85 interviews were added to the survey half way through the fieldwork. Targets were adjusted such that the manufacturing sectors' targets were increased to 160-180 interviews.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture.

Regional stratification was defined in five regions containing 14 provinces: Red River Delta (Hanoi, Ha Tay, Hai Duong, and Hai Phong), the North Centre Coast (Thanh Hoa, Nghe An), Mekong River Delta (Can Tho, Long An, Tien Giang), South Centre Coast (Khanh Hoa, Da Nang) and South East (Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Duong, Dong Nai).

Two frames were used for Vietnam. The sample frame containing fresh contacts used in the Vietnam was obtained from the 2008 Vietnam General Statistics Office. A frame containing firms that had participated in the 2005 survey constituted a second frame of panel contacts. Each database contained the following information:
-Name of the firm
-Location
-Contact details
-ISIC code
-Number of employees.

Given the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 23% (734 out of 3131 establishments). Breaking down by industry, the following numbers of establishments were surveyed: 15 (Food) - 127, 17 (Textiles) -120, 18 (Garments) - 120, 26 (Non-metallic mineral products) - 123, 28 (Metal & Fabrication) - 122, Other manufacturing - 196, Retail & IT - 128, Other services - 117.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The current survey instruments are available:
- Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37]
- Core Questionnaire + Retail Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52]
- Core Questionnaire [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72]
- Screener Questionnaire.

The “Core Questionnaire” is the heart of the Enterprise Survey and contains the survey questions asked of all firms across the world. There are also two other survey instruments- the “Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module” and the “Core Questionnaire + Retail Module.” The survey is fielded via three instruments in order to not ask questions that are irrelevant to specific types of firms, e.g. a question that relates to production and nonproduction workers should not be asked of a retail firm. In addition to questions that are asked across countries, all surveys are customized and contain country-specific questions. An example of customization would be including tourism-related questions that are asked in certain countries when tourism is an existing or potential sector of economic growth.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate
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Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in "Description of Vietnam Implementation 2009" in "Technical Documents" folder.

摘要
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本项研究于2009年6月至2010年1月在越南进行，作为企业调查计划的一部分。
调查的目的是收集客户国家企业的反馈，以了解私营部门的状况，并有助于构建企业数据面板，从而能够追踪商业环境随时间的变化，从而允许进行例如改革影响评估等。通过访谈制造业和服务业的企业，本调查评估了私营部门增长的制约因素，并创建了跨国家可比的具有统计显著性的商业环境指标。
标准的企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资获取、年销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正规性、商业-政府关系、创新和技术以及绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确定了国家商业环境的特征。其余问题评估了调查受访者对企业增长和绩效障碍的看法。数据收集方式为面对面访谈。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单元
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本研究的主要抽样单元为法人实体。法人实体是指从事商业活动、进行工业操作或提供服务的地方。一个企业可能由一个或多个法人实体组成。例如，一家啤酒厂可能有几个灌装厂和几个分销法人实体。就本调查而言，法人实体必须能够做出自己的财务决策，并拥有与其企业财务报表分开的财务报表。法人实体还必须拥有自己的管理和对其工资单的控制。
总体
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企业调查涵盖的总体或总体，是非农业经济。它包括：根据ISIC修订版3.1分组分类（组D）的所有制造业部门、建筑业部门（组F）、服务业部门（组G和H）以及运输、仓储和通信部门（组I）。请注意，此人口定义排除了以下部门：金融中介（组J）、房地产业务和租赁活动（组K，除子部门72，IT，该子部门被纳入研究总体之外），以及所有公共或公用事业部门。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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越南的样本采用分层随机抽样方法选取。在该国使用了三个分层级别：行业、企业规模和地区。
行业分层设计如下：总体被分为6个制造业行业、1个服务业行业——零售——和两个剩余部门。每个制造业行业的目标为160次访谈。服务业行业和两个剩余部门的目标为120次访谈。对于制造业行业，样本量增加了约33%，以应对在请求敏感财务数据时的潜在非响应情况，同时也因为未来调查中可能出现的损失，这将影响面板的构建。在实地工作 halfway through 时，调查中增加了85次访谈。目标调整后，制造业部门的目 标增加到160-180次访谈。
规模分层根据以下标准定义：小型（5至19名员工）、中型（20至99名员工）和大型（超过99名员工）。为了分层的需要，员工人数以报告的永久全职工人数量为基础定义。这似乎是对劳动力的一种适当定义，因为季节性/临时/兼职就业在建筑和农业部门之外不是一种常见的做法。
地区分层定义为五个地区，包含14个省：红河三角洲（河内、海泰、海阳和海防）、北部中心海岸（清化、乂安）、湄公河三角洲（金边、隆安、金瓯）、南部中心海岸（坚江、岘港）和东南部（胡志明市、平阳、同奈）。
越南使用了两个框架。用于越南的包含新鲜联系人的样本框架是从2008年越南国家统计局获得的。参与2005年调查的企业构成的框架是第二个面板联系框架。每个数据库包含以下信息：
-公司名称
-位置
-联系方式
-ISIC代码
-员工人数。
考虑到样本总体中包含的非合格单位可能对结果产生的影响，在计算单个观察结果的适当权重时可能需要进行调整。已确认的非合格单位所占的百分比占调查接触到的样本企业的总数的23%（734家企业在3131家企业中）。按行业分解，调查的企业数量如下：15（食品）-127，17（纺织）-120，18（服装）-120，26（非金属矿物产品）-123，28（金属与制造）-122，其他制造业-196，零售与IT-128，其他服务业-117。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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当前调查工具包括：
- 核心问卷 + 制造业模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37]
- 核心问卷 + 零售模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52]
- 核心问卷 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72]
- 筛选问卷。
“核心问卷”是企业调查的核心，包含对所有全球企业提出的问题。还有两种其他调查工具——“核心问卷 + 制造业模块”和“核心问卷 + 零售模块”。调查通过三种工具进行，以避免向特定类型的企业提出无关问题，例如，与生产和非生产工人相关的问题不应向零售企业提出。除了在各国提出的问题外，所有调查都是定制的，并包含针对特定国家的问卷。定制的示例包括在某些国家当旅游业是现有或潜在的经济增长部门时询问与旅游业相关的问题。
标准的企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资获取、年销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正规性、商业-政府关系、创新和技术以及绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确定了国家商业环境的特征。其余问题评估了调查受访者对企业增长和绩效障碍的看法。
数据清理操作
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承包商实施数据输入和质量控制，并将数据分批（通常是10%、50%和100%）交付世界银行。这些数据交付被检查逻辑一致性、超出范围的值、跳过模式和重复条目。问题由世界银行标记并由实施承包商通过数据检查、回访和重新访问法人实体进行纠正。
响应率
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有关抽样方法、样本框架、权重、响应率和实施的完整信息，可在“技术文件”文件夹中的“越南实施2009年描述”中找到。