Association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain and offspring cardiometabolic phenotypes at age 32, with and without maternal genetic score contribution.

All coefficients are for a 1-standard deviation change in level of the exposure variable (PBMI 1SD = 3.71, GWG 1SD = 4.61).*Values were log-transformed to better approximate a normal distribution. To simplify interpretation, back-transformed results are presented and show the ratio of geometric mean of the outcome associated with a one-SD increase in BMI or GWG.All models were adjusted for sex, ethnicity, offspring birthweight, maternal disease during pregnancy, parity, maternal smoking during pregnancy, family SES during pregnancy, gestational weeks at birth, maternal age at pregnancy, maternal education, offspring physical activity, offspring smoking status, and offspring education.Pre-pregnancy BMI models were also adjusted for gestational weight gain, and GWG models for BMI.All models used inverse probability weighting to account for stratified sampling.In the models with scores, genetic scores predicting exposure and outcome are included. Scores were generated using the lasso algorithm, incorporating SNPs with no more than 5% missingness.Confidence intervals for the % change in β were obtained via bootstrapping and based on quantiles of bootstrap replicates.