Effects of GAGs treatment on morphological and immunohistochemical parameters.

The results are presented as the means ± SEMs and expressed as the percentage of the PAS-positive area for mesangial expansion; the percentage of the area not occupied by tubules, vessels, or glomeruli for tubulointerstitial area; the percentage of the Sirius Red-positive area for collagen estimation, and the positive surface density area for macrophage, TGF-β, and nestin quantification. For heparanase-1 and heparan sulfate quantification, the results are expressed as a semi-quantitative score. *DM vs. all of the groups; #p<0.001 ENX vs. control, **p<0.01 ENX vs. Control, ##p<0.05 FCS vs. ENX, & all of the diabetic groups vs. control. Effects of GAGs treatment on morphological and immunohistochemical parameters.