Developing Ethical Reasoning in Undergraduate Medical Students through a Structured Reflection and Problem-Based Learning Framework

Though undergraduate medical students are exposed to the framework of medical ethics, Critical thinking is underemphasized. The ability to think critically and take ethically acceptable decisions becomes a defining trait of professional competence. This study attempted to develop, implement, and evaluate a structured learning module designed to enhance ethical reasoning and critical decision-making skills in undergraduate medical students. The module integrates anonymized guided reflective writing with problem-based small group discussions to create an engaging and contextually rich learning experience. By combining guided reflection with collaborative exploration of ethical dilemmas through discussion, the study seeks to foster deeper moral reasoning, encourage empathy, and equip future physicians with the skills needed to navigate complex ethical situations in clinical practice.