Sampling locations, paternity frequencies, genetic heterozygosities and paternity skew of up to three colonies of the five Neotropical army ants E. mexicanum (Em), E. vagans (Ev), L. coecus (Lc), L. praedator (Lp) and N. esenbeckii (Ne).

n, number of genotyped workers that have been used for paternity deduction, after excluding workers with less than three unambiguously amplified loci (Em: 6, Ev: 0, Lc: 1, Lp: 3, Ne: 6); kobs, observed paternity frequency (number of deduced male genotypes which have been used together with the deduced queens for further analyses); kest, estimated paternity frequency, corrected for sample size; me, effective paternity frequency [55]; HO and HS, observed and expected heterozygosity; B, B-index of paternity skew [62]. Over all indicates sums for n, arithmetic means ± SE from jackknifing over colonies for kobs and kest, harmonic means ± SE for me, arithmetic means ± SD for HO and HS.*significant deviation from zero (Bonferroni adjusted 5% level of simulated p-values).1For colony Ne1 no heterozygosity and paternity skew was estimated due to a low sample size and a relatively high non-sampling error of patrilines (∼20%), so that kobs and me are potentially underestimated.