HISTORY AND STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE OLD CITY OF SAMARKAND

This article provides a scholarly analysis of the formation of the Old City of Samarkand, its historical stages of development, and the evolution of its urban planning structure across different historical periods. The research is based on a comparative study of archaeological evidence, historical written sources, and the results of contemporary urban studies. The development dynamics of Samarkand are examined from the ancient Afrasiyab period through the Timurid era and subsequent stages. The findings of the study serve as an important scientific basis for understanding the present-day cultural and landscape identity of the Old City of Samarkand.