Collaborative storytelling with Spanish primary school students

<b>Background</b>. Collaborative storytelling is a learning methodology for improving students' social and narrative skills based on sustained shared thinking. <b>Aims.</b> This study explores the benefits of collaborative storytelling practices using different instruments (traditional, tangible-digital, and digital) on verbal fluency, narrative competence, collaboration, and inclusion in primary school students. <b>Methods and procedures.</b> One hundred and seventy Spanish primary school students participated in storytelling activities following an experimental, mixed, and cross-sectional design. Individual verbal fluency, narrative competence, collaborative story features, and behaviors were analyzed. <b>Outcomes and results.</b> Collaboration positively affects groups' story content balance, while story length grows with social awareness, motivation, conflicts, and interruptions. The story cohesion increases with social communication and space for everyone, and the balance between solved and unsolved story problems improves when groups prioritize the task over the interaction. <b>Conclusions and implications. </b>Traditional, tangible, and digital storytelling can support sustained shared thinking in learning activities, providing primary school students with a space for improving social and narrative skills.