Differences in soil properties between washes and non-washes.

Soil properties includes texture (i.e. sand, silt and clay) (%), the percentage of gravel content (%), soil bulk density (kg·m-3), soil organic carbon (g·kg-1), pH, soil electric conductivity (dS·m-1) and soil water content (%). F, T, and P-value are the statistical results of the independent sample t-test. Different letters in the horizontal direction with related variables indicate the significant differences in soil properties between washes and non-washes, whereas the same letters show the insignificant difference. Values are represented as Mean ± SD.