DataSheet1_Genetic profiling and PVY resistance identification of potato germplasm resources.docx

Excellent germplasm resources are the foundation for cultivating high-quality, disease-resistant, and stress-tolerant varieties. In this study, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to identify 138 potato accessions collected from worldwide, and genetic cluster analysis was used to characterize the genetic diversity of the tested germplasm resources. The Potato virus Y (PVY) resistance of these potato accessions was identified by artificial friction inoculation combined with molecular marker detection, and potato accessions with different PVY resistance were screened based on disease index and incidence rate. Using SSR markers, 138 potato accessions were identified, and the results showed that the genetic distances between the tested potato germplasm resources ranged from 0.025 to 0.660, and the genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.489 to 0.975. The 138 accessions could be clustered into five subgroups using Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). Among them, Z173, Biyin No. 4, Suyin No. 2, XN995, XN987, Biyin No 22, Bibiao104, Sarpo mira, XN996, XN979, Desiree, RUNSHI, Actrice, Jia 1219, Heyin No 12, and Moyin No.1 have relatively distant genetic relationship with another 122 accessions. Based on the disease index, the following different accessions were screened: five highly resistant, 11 resistant, 45 moderately resistant, 35 susceptible, and 42 highly susceptible. Fourteen resource materials with good resistance (disease index ≤ 33.74%, and a grading of high resistance (HR) or medium resistance (MR); incidence rate ≤ 67.58%) were identified. By combining genetic cluster analysis and PVY resistance identification, six accessions showed PVY resistance and had distant genetic relationships with other accessions selected which provided important materials for disease resistance breeding and quality improvement of potato. In this study, the genetic diversity and PVY resistance of global potato germplasm resources was explored, and potato germplasm materials with important utilization value were screened. The results obtained in this study could provide important references for the research and utilization of global potato germplasm resources.

卓越的种质资源是培育高品质、抗病性强及耐逆境品种的基础。在本研究中，通过简单序列重复（SSR）标记识别了来自全球的138个马铃薯品种，并运用遗传聚类分析来描绘所测试种质资源的遗传多样性。通过人工摩擦接种结合分子标记检测，确定了这些马铃薯品种对马铃薯病毒Y（PVY）的抗性，并基于病情指数和发病率筛选出具有不同PVY抗性的品种。利用SSR标记，共识别出138个马铃薯品种，结果显示，所测试马铃薯种质资源的遗传距离介于0.025至0.660之间，遗传相似系数介于0.489至0.975之间。通过无权配对组平均法（UPGMA），将138个品种划分为五个亚组。其中，Z173、毕营4号、苏银2号、XN995、XN987、毕营22号、毕标104、Sarpo mira、XN996、XN979、Desiree、RUNSHI、Actrice、佳1219、海阴12号和莫银1号与其他122个品种的遗传关系相对较远。基于病情指数，筛选出以下不同抗性的品种：五个高度抗病、十一个抗病、四十五个中度抗病、三十五个易感、以及四十二个高度易感。确定了十四份具有良好抗性（病情指数≤33.74%，分级为高度抗病（HR）或中度抗病（MR）；发病率≤67.58%）的资源材料。通过结合遗传聚类分析和PVY抗性鉴定，发现六个品种表现出PVY抗性，并与所选其他品种的遗传关系较远，为抗病育种和马铃薯品质改良提供了重要材料。本研究探讨了全球马铃薯种质资源的遗传多样性和PVY抗性，并筛选出具有重要利用价值的种质材料。本研究获得的结果可为全球马铃薯种质资源的研究与利用提供重要参考。