Data from: Correction: ‘Revisiting Perdeck’s massive avian migration experiments debunks alternative social interpretations’ (2024), by Pot et al.

Whether avian migrants can adapt to their changing world depends on the
relative importance of genetic and environmental variation for the timing
and direction of migration. In the classic series of field experiments on
avian migration, A.C. Perdeck discovered that translocated juveniles
failed to reach goal areas, whereas translocated adults performed
‘true-goal navigation’. His translocations of > 14,000 common
starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) suggested that genetic mechanisms guide
juveniles into a population-specific direction, i.e., ‘vector navigation’.
However, alternative explanations involving social learning after release
in juveniles could not be excluded. By adding historical data from
translocation sites, data that was unavailable in Perdeck’s days, and by
integrated analyses including the original data, we could not explain
juvenile migrations from possible social information upon release. Despite
their highly social behaviour, our findings are consistent with the idea
that juvenile starlings follow inherited information and independently
reach their winter quarters. Similar to more solitarily migrating
songbirds, starlings would require genetic change to adjust the migration
route in response to global change.