A multifaceted analysis of OTUD5 integrated MAVS in innate immunity of Primary Biliary Cholangitis

This study discovered that the OTUD5–MAVS axis is specifically overexpressed in the mononuclear macrophage subset 11 of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). These findings may offer a novel therapeutic avenue for targeting the mitochondrial antiviral signalling pathway. The objective of this study was to identify key immune cell subsets through single-cell sequencing technology, thereby establishing the molecular basis for precision immunotherapy tailored to macrophage subtypes. The constructed immune cell infiltration profile will serve as a crucial reference for the clinical differential diagnosis and personalized immune monitoring of PBC. Additionally, this study provides novel biomarkers and targets for the development of small-molecule inhibitors for patients with PBC.