Vampire bats and wild boars in northern Paraná: One Health perspectives on a novel report

Since its introduction to the Americas in the early 20th century, the wild boar (Sus scrofa) has impacted Brazilian ecosystems and may have contributed to zoonosis transmission, especially the rabies. Their interactions with the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) can expand the rabies transmission. The interaction between these species is poorly documented, particularly in São Francisco Forest State Park conservation unit, located in the north of Paraná. This study, carried out between 2021 and 2023, has used camera traps to record three interactions between D. rotundus and S. scrofa, highlighting a new route for the spread of zoonoses. Increased urbanization and forest fragmentation amplify the risk of rabies transmission to animals and humans. This report highlights the need for policies and strategies to control wild boar populations and monitor vampire bats to reduce the impact on public and environmental health in the region.