PP2Ac/STRN4 negatively regulates STING-Type I interferon signaling in tumor associated macrophages [scRNA-seq]

STING-Type I interferon (IFN) signaling in myeloid cells plays a critical role in effective antitumor immune responses, but STING agonist as monotherapy has shown limited efficacy in clinical trials. The mechanisms that downregulate STING signaling are not fully understood. Here, we report that Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) with its specific B regulatory subunit STRN4 negatively regulated STING-Type I IFN in macrophages. Mice with macrophages PP2A deficiency exhibited reduced tumor progression. The tumor microenvironment showed decreased immunosuppressive and increased IFN-activated macrophages and CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that hippo kinase MST1/2 was required for STING activation. STING agonist induced dissociation of PP2A from MST1/2 in normal macrophages, but not in tumor conditioned macrophages. Furthermore, our data showed that STRN4 mediated PP2A binding to and dephosphorylation of hippo kinase MST1/2, resulting in stabilization of YAP/TAZ to antagonize STING activation. In human GBM patients, YAP/TAZ was highly expressed in tumor-associated macrophages but not in non-tumor macrophages. We also demonstrated that PP2A/STRN4 deficiency in macrophages reduced YAP/TAZ expression and sensitized tumor conditioned macrophages to STING stimulation. In summary, we demonstrated that PP2A/STRN4-YAP/TAZ is a previously unappreciated mechanism that mediate immunosuppression in tumor-associated macrophages and targeting PP2A/STRN4-YAP/TAZ axis can sensitize tumors to immunotherapy. In this experiment, we studied the effect of myeloid PP2A KO on the immune landscape of subcutanous or intracranial glioma microenvironment. We implanted subcutanous or intracranial SB28 murine glioma in WT and LysMcrePP2Acfl/fl mice. 18 days after implantation, tumor tissue was harvested, and single cell suspensions were obtained and sent for sequencing.