Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2007-2008 - Pakistan

Abstract
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The Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey is one of the main mechanisms for monitoring the implementation of the PRSP and MDGs indicators. It provides a set of representative, population-based estimates of social indicators and their progress under the PRSP. For Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), UN has set 18 targets for 48 indicators for its member countries to achieve by 2015. Pakistan has committed to implement 16 targets, 37 indicators out of which 15 indicators are to be monitored through PSLM Surveys. These include intermediate as well as ‘output’ measures, which assess what is being provided by the social sectors – enrolment rates in education, for example. They include a range of ‘outcome’ measures, which assess the welfare of the population – Immunisation Rate, for example. An important objective of the PSLM Survey is to try to establish what the distributional impact of PRSP has been. Policymakers need to know, for example, whether the poor have benefited from the programme or whether increased government expenditure on the social sectors has been captured by the better off.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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- Household
- Individual

Universe
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The universe of this survey consists of all urban and rural areas of all four provinces. Military restricted and protected areas of NWFP have been excluded from the scope of the survey.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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SAMPLING FRAME
Urban area:
FBS has developed its own urban area frame. All urban areas comprising cities/ towns have been divided into small compact areas known as enumeration blocks (E.Bs) identifiable through map. Each enumeration block comprises about 200-250 households and categorized into low, middle and high-income group, keeping in view the socio economic status of the majority of households. Urban area sampling frame consists of 26698 enumeration blocks has been updated in 2003.

Rural area:
With regard to the rural areas, the lists of villages/mouzas/dehs according to Population Census, 1998 have been used as sampling frame. In this frame, each village/mouza/deh is identifiable by its Name, Had Bast Number, Cadastral map etc. This frame is comprised of 50590 villages/mouzas.

STRATIFICATION PLAN
Urban Areas:
Large sized cities having population five lacs and above have been treated as independent stratum. Each of these cities has further been sub-stratified into low, middle and high income groups. The remaining cities/towns within each defunct administrative division have been grouped together to constitute an independent stratum.

Rural Areas:
The entire rural domain of a district for Punjab, Sindh and NWFP provinces has been considered as independent stratum, whereas in Balochistan province defunct administrative division has been treated as stratum

Sample Size and its Allocation:
To determine optimum sample size for this survey, analytical studies based on the results of Pakistan Demographic Survey, Labour Force and Pakistan Integrated Households Sample Survey were undertaken. Keeping in view the variability exist within the population for the characteristics for which estimates are to be prepared, population distribution, level of estimates and field resources available a sample size of 15,512 households enumerated from 1109 sample PSUs (531 from urban and 578 from rural areas) has been considered sufficient to produce reliable estimates in respect of all provinces.

Sample Design: A two-stage stratified sample design has been adopted for thissurvey.

Selection of primary sampling Units (PSUs):
Enumeration blocks in the urban domain and mouzas/dehs/villages in rural domain have been taken as primary sampling units (PSUs). In urban domain sample PSUs from each stratum have been selected by probability proportional to size (PPS) method of sampling scheme using households in each block as measure of size (MOS). Similarly in rural areas, population of each village has taken as MOS for selection of sample villages using probability proportional to size method of selection.

Selection of Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs):
Households within each sample Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) have been considered as Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs). 16 and 12 households have been selected from each sample village and enumeration block respectively by systematic sampling scheme with a random start.

Detail sampling plan is given at Appendix-A of the survey report.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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At both individual and household level, the PSLM Survey collects information on a wide range of topics using an integrated questionnaire.The questionnaire comprises a number of different sections, each of which looks at a particular aspect of household behaviour or welfare. Data collected under Round II include education, diarrhoea, immunization, reproductive health, pregnancy history, maternity history, family planning, pre and post-natal care and access to basic services.