非人灵长类自发行为触屏测试装置及测试标准
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针对非人灵长类动物认知行为评估中存在的训练周期长、人力成本高、人猴互动干扰大等问题，我们开发了一套适用于群养猕猴的自发行为触屏测试装置——中科昆动认知测试系统（KDCTS）。该系统采用红外触摸屏、程序自动控制及糖水奖励机制，结合“分步引导”训练策略，有效提升了猕猴的学习效率与任务参与度。以可变空间延迟反应任务（VSDRT）为测试范式，建立了标准化的自发行为触屏训练流程，将复杂任务逐级分解，显著降低了认知负荷与焦虑行为。该自发行为触屏测试装置及测试标准为建立高效、标准化的非人灵长类认知行为评估体系提供了可靠的技术平台与实验依据，对推动脑疾病模型认知障碍研究具有重要意义。 数据质量：影像KDCTS由红外触摸屏（分辨率1280*1024，17英寸，响应速度毫秒级，最小触体直径4mm）、LabVIEW控制程序、糖水给水装置、防误触亚克力挡板及可调节支架组成，全部件国产化，拥有完全自主知识产权。系统以0.3%蔗糖水为即时奖励，通过并口控制电磁阀。在猕猴正确触屏后完成出水并播放高频提示音，错误则不出水并播放低频提示音，形成清晰的条件反射。触摸屏固定于猴笼外侧，猴可自主决定是否参与，实验人员仅需远程监控。 在触屏测试标准的建立方面，我们依据“分步引导”原则：将目标范式——可变空间延迟反应任务（VSDRT）逐级拆分为9个训练阶段，每级设置70%起步、90%达标、100%跳级的动态阈值，确保认知负荷始终处于猴可承受范围。挡板孔径从10cm×10cm逐级缩小至5cm×5cm，孔位由1个增至4个，完整覆盖空间定位、空间可变、延迟记忆与反应抑制等关键认知成分。 数据来源：利用KDCTS，我们在6只群养成年雄性猕猴（8–9岁）中开展验证。每天09:00–11:00开放测试，猴可自由进行触屏。第1–2天完成“喝水–光屏–触屏喝水”三级适应；第3天起进入精确触屏与多点跟随；第5天两点顺序点击，正确率65%，后半时段升至90%；第7天引入2s延迟，正确率维持80%以上；第9天正式通过VSDRT全部阶段，较单笼训练平均缩短70%时间。3只猴形成稳定自发触屏，日均100–300次，喝水500–1000mL。其余3只因探索动机低而退出，体现自主筛选效应。社会学习现象显著：观察猴模仿成功并获得奖励，群体进度比单笼训练快2倍以上。 正式测试阶段持续21天。B值依据“连续3天≥90%则+1s，连续3天<90%则−1s”原则动态调整。第9天B=1s，正确率94%；第10–16天B=2s，正确率80%–90%；第17天回调至1s后迅速升至99%；第22天B=3s，正确率98%；第24天B=4s，第28–29天正确率≥98%；第30天B=5s，仍保持92%，显示空间工作记忆容量已稳定提升至5s水平，满足阿尔茨海默病、中风等模型早期筛查需求。 数据生产方式：自发触屏行为数据由KDCTS自动采集产生；统计数据采用Excel软件进行。影像数据由SONY数码HD摄录一体机采集。 时间范围：2025年6月30日至8月1日
To address the issues of long training cycles, high labor costs, and severe interference from human-monkey interactions in the cognitive behavior assessment of non-human primates, we developed a spontaneous behavior touch-screen testing apparatus for group-housed rhesus macaques: the Zhongke Kundong Cognitive Testing System (KDCTS). This system adopts an infrared touch screen, programmable automatic control, and a sucrose water reward mechanism, combined with a "step-by-step guidance" training strategy, effectively improving the learning efficiency and task engagement of rhesus macaques. Using the Variable Spatial Delay Reaction Task (VSDRT) as the test paradigm, we established a standardized spontaneous touch-screen training protocol that decomposes complex tasks step-by-step, significantly reducing cognitive load and anxiety behaviors. This spontaneous touch-screen testing apparatus and test standards provide a reliable technical platform and experimental basis for establishing an efficient, standardized non-human primate cognitive behavior assessment system, which is of great significance for promoting research on cognitive impairments in brain disease models. Data Quality: The KDCTS consists of an infrared touch screen (resolution: 1280×1024, 17-inch size, millisecond-level response speed, minimum touch object diameter: 4 mm), LabVIEW control program, sucrose water feeding device, anti-accidental-touch acrylic baffle, and adjustable bracket. All components are domestically manufactured with fully independent intellectual property rights. The system uses 0.3% sucrose water as the immediate reward, and controls solenoid valves via a parallel port. It delivers water and plays a high-frequency prompt tone when the macaque correctly touches the screen, while no water is delivered and a low-frequency prompt tone is played for incorrect touches, forming clear conditioned reflexes. The touch screen is fixed outside the monkey cage, allowing macaques to independently decide whether to participate, and experimenters only need to perform remote monitoring. In terms of establishing touch-screen test standards, we followed the "step-by-step guidance" principle: decomposed the target paradigm, the Variable Spatial Delay Reaction Task (VSDRT), into 9 training stages step-by-step, with dynamic thresholds set at 70% for initiation, 90% for mastery, and 100% for skipping a stage, ensuring that the cognitive load always remains within the acceptable range for the macaques. The aperture of the baffle was gradually reduced from 10 cm×10 cm to 5 cm×5 cm, and the number of holes increased from 1 to 4, fully covering key cognitive components including spatial orientation, spatial variability, delay memory, and response inhibition. Data Source: Using the KDCTS, we conducted validation experiments on 6 group-housed adult male rhesus macaques (8–9 years old). Testing was available daily from 09:00 to 11:00, allowing macaques to touch the screen freely. On days 1–2, the macaques completed three-level adaptation: drinking water → light screen → touching the screen to drink water. Starting from day 3, they entered the precise touch and multi-point following stage. On day 5, they performed two-point sequential clicks, with an accuracy rate of 65%, which rose to 90% in the latter half of the session. On day 7, a 2-second delay was introduced, and the accuracy rate remained above 80%. On day 9, they officially passed all stages of the VSDRT, shortening the training time by an average of 70% compared to single-cage training. Three macaques developed stable spontaneous touch-screen behavior, with 100–300 touches per day and 500–1000 mL of water consumed. The remaining 3 macaques withdrew due to low exploration motivation, reflecting the self-screening effect. Remarkable social learning was observed: observing macaques imitated successful performers and obtained rewards, and the group progress was more than twice as fast as single-cage training. The formal test phase lasted 21 days. The B value was dynamically adjusted according to the principle: "+1s if ≥90% for 3 consecutive days, -1s if <90% for 3 consecutive days". On day 9, B=1s with an accuracy rate of 94%; from day 10 to 16, B=2s with an accuracy rate of 80%–90%; on day 17, it was adjusted back to 1s and quickly rose to 99%; on day 22, B=3s with an accuracy rate of 98%; on day 24, B=4s, and the accuracy rate reached ≥98% on days 28–29; on day 30, B=5s while still maintaining 92%, indicating that the spatial working memory capacity had stably increased to the 5s level, meeting the early screening requirements for models of Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and other conditions. Data Production Methods: Spontaneous touch-screen behavior data was automatically collected by the KDCTS; statistical data was processed using Excel software. Video data was collected using a SONY digital HD camcorder. Time Range: June 30 to August 1, 2025
