A simulation dataset for benchmarking scaling laws of high-energy laser atmospheric propagation under coupled turbulence and thermal blooming

High-energy laser propagation through the atmosphere is governed by the coupled effects of diffraction, turbulence, absorption, aerosol extinction, target motion, and thermally induced refractive-index distortion. In recent years, scaling-law models have become increasingly attractive for rapid performance prediction because they provide surrogate descriptions of wave-optics propagation over broad operating conditions. However, the development and validation of such scaling laws still rely heavily on large quantities of high-fidelity wave-optics simulations, while the underlying datasets used in previous studies are rarely organized and released in a standardized public form. As a result, new scaling-law formulations, surrogate models, and comparative studies often lack a common benchmark for validation. Here we present a large-scale simulation dataset for high-energy laser atmospheric propagation under coupled turbulence and thermal blooming. The dataset contains 226,500 simulation cases spanning target speed, emission geometry, aperture diameter, visibility, aerosol model, beam quality, turbulence strength, and laser power. Each case is stored in a case-level tabular record, while large long-exposure irradiance distributions are stored separately as indexed array data to support efficient filtering and downstream analysis. The dataset is intended for scaling-law calibration, benchmark comparison, surrogate-model training, sensitivity analysis, and inverse studies. By providing a structured and reusable public resource, this dataset aims to establish a common basis for evaluating fast predictive models of high-energy laser atmospheric propagation. The dataset comprises 226,500 cases and covers target speed, emission geometry, aperture diameter, visibility, aerosol model, beam quality, turbulence strength, and laser power across a parameter space designed for scaling-law development and comparison. The released data are organized as a case-indexed main table (Laser Propagation Dataset.zip/tables/case.csv) together with externally stored long-exposure irradiance arrays (long_exposure_XXXXX.h5) and centralized metadata (Laser Propagation Dataset.zip/metadata), so that users can efficiently query operating conditions while retaining direct access to high-dimensional field outputs. Rather than serving only as a repository of simulation results, this dataset is intended as a common validation basis for scaling-law fitting, surrogate-model training, sensitivity analysis, and comparative benchmarking of fast predictive methods for high-energy laser propagation.