Replication Data for: Uncovering high-level corruption: Cross-national objective corruption risk indicators using public procurement data

Measuring high-level corruption is subject to extensive scholarly and policy interest with moderate progress in the last decade. We develop two objective proxy measures of high-level corruption in public procurement: single bidding in competitive markets and a composite score of tendering 'red flags'. Using official government data of 2.8 million contracts in 28 European countries in 2009-2014, we directly operationalize a common definition of corruption: unjustified restriction of access to public contracts to favour a selected bidder. Corruption indicators are calculated at the contract level, but produce aggregate indices consistent with well-established country-level indicators, and also validated by micro-level tests. Further data is published at http://digiwhist.eu/resources/data/.