Simple download service (Atom) of the dataset: Planned habitat improvement operation in Indre-et-Loire

Established in 1977, the programmed habitat improvement operations (OPAH) have been the main tool for the rehabilitation of urban centres and rural towns for the past 30 years. Other tools have been created to respond to territorial, technical and social specificities: declination of OPAH (rural, urban, degraded condominiums), General Interest Programmes (GIPs) and Thematic Social Programs (PST). A planned housing improvement operation aims to rehabilitate built heritage and improve housing comfort through subsidies, as well as to reclassify a neighbourhood, a city, or a rural area as a whole. They tend to improve the supply of housing, in particular rental accommodation and thus maintain or develop neighbourhood services in line with the PLH. The OPAH responds above all to a local project, carried out by the local authority concerned, which the State supports as part of the challenges of national solidarity and the fight against exclusion through housing, which it promotes. There are mainly four types of OPAH: — The ordinary OPAH whose purpose is to upgrade neighbourhoods and their habitat; — The OPAH of urban renewal, which aims to deal with “the most difficult urban and social areas by creating schemes involving land or real estate interventions and coercive tools under public law (treatment of unsanitary, demolitions.)”. It coordinates different tools (PRI, RHI, PSMV, ZPPAUP); — The rural revitalisation OPAH, which concerns rural areas in the process of ‘devitalisation’. These are rural areas characterised by demographic imbalances, income imbalances and difficult living conditions. — The co-ownership OPAH which offers a framework for the prevention and treatment of fragile condominiums requiring the support of the public authorities in carrying out the works essential for the conservation of buildings. The OPAHs are designed and implemented jointly by the State (the Prefect of the Region sets priorities and allocates aid), the ANAH and the authorities which sign an agreement. The agreement shall specify, in particular, the scope of intervention: the community concerned shall define these areas and set the objectives therein, in consultation with the ANAH. OPAHs can take place over 5 years (maximum time limit) with a minimum of 3 years. OPAHs are legally defined by Article L303-1 of the Construction and Housing Code (CCH). See also: http://www.lesopah.fr/ The old OPAHs (i.e. those completed) no longer appear in these data and are archived.该计划型人居改善行动（OPAH，Programmed Habitat Improvement Operations）自1977年设立以来，近30年来始终是城市中心与乡村集镇复兴的核心工具。为应对地域、技术与社会层面的特殊性，后续衍生出多类配套工具：包括OPAH的细分类型（乡村型、城市型、破损共管公寓型）、公共利益项目（GIP，General Interest Programmes）以及主题社会项目（PST，Thematic Social Programs）。 计划型人居改善行动旨在通过补贴修复建筑遗产、提升居住舒适度，并整体对街区、城市或乡村区域进行重新规划。此类行动往往能够优化住房供给，尤其是租赁住房供给，从而维持或发展符合《地方住房规划》（PLH）的街区服务配套。OPAH首先响应的是由相关地方当局主导的本地项目，国家则以住房领域的全国团结与反排斥战略为框架对项目提供支持，这也是OPAH的核心倡导方向。 目前主要存在四类OPAH： — 普通型OPAH，旨在升级街区及其人居环境； — 城市更新型OPAH，旨在通过制定涉及土地或房地产干预的方案，搭配公法强制工具（如卫生整治、拆除作业等），整治“最棘手的城市与社会区域”。该类型会协调PRI、RHI、PSMV、ZPPAUP等各类工具； — 乡村振兴型OPAH，针对正处于“活力衰退”进程中的乡村区域，此类区域普遍存在人口失衡、收入失衡与生活条件艰苦的特征； — 共管公寓型OPAH，为脆弱共管公寓的预防与整治提供实施框架，此类公寓需公共当局支持以开展建筑保护必需的工程作业。 OPAH由国家（大区区长负责设定优先级并分配援助资金）、国家住房局（ANAH，Agence Nationale de l'Habitat）以及签署合作协议的地方当局联合设计与实施。协议需明确干预范围，具体而言，相关社区应与ANAH协商后划定干预区域并设定目标。 OPAH的实施周期最短为3年，最长不超过5年。OPAH在法律上由《建筑与住房法典》（CCH，Construction and Housing Code）的L303-1条进行定义。更多相关信息可参考：http://www.lesopah.fr/ 已完成的旧版OPAH不再纳入本次数据集，已作归档处理。