Data from: Phylogenomic of extant Crinoidea (Echinodermata) reveals extensive morphological homoplasies and a Permian origin

Crinoids are echinoderms with ancient origins in the Ordovician, unique
among living forms in possessing structures of attachment to the
substrate. Their diversity is concentrated within Comatulida (the feather
stars), which includes mobile and generally shallow-water species. The
otherwise mostly sessile, stalked, and deep-water diversity—the sea
lilies—encompasses Isocrinida, Hyocrinida, and Cyrtocrinida. While the
relationships among Paleozoic crinoids are well established, the phylogeny
of the crown group (Articulata) remains uncertain. We present the first
phylogenomic analyses of crinoids reliant on novel transcriptomic and
targeted-exon capture datasets spanning 119 terminals. We resolve
Isocrinida as the sister group to the remainder of Articulata, which is
further subdivided into Comatulida and a clade of Hyocrinida +
Cyrtocrinida. We corroborate the placement of the stalked Bourgueticrinina
within the otherwise stalkless comatulids, but also find the unusual
feather star Atopocrinus closest to the stalked hyocrinids, showing the
extreme lability of these body plans. Taxonomic revisions within
Comatulida are much needed, with major problems particularly within
Antedonidae. Divergence time estimates place the origin of Articulata
within the Permian, contradicting the prevailing views that consider the
clade a post-Paleozoic radiation. A revision of the Permian fossil record
is needed to understand the emergence of living crinoids.