INTERACTION OF Β2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ARG16ARG AND GLN27GLN GENOTYPES AS RISK FACTORS FOR UNCONTROLLED ASTHMA DURING PREGNANCY

Background:Genetic variation in the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), particularly Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms, may influence asthma susceptibility and control. Evidence in pregnant populations remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association and interaction of β2-AR polymorphisms with asthma occurrence and control during pregnancy. Methods:A case–control study was conducted in Makassar, Indonesia, from June to December 2025. A total of 80 pregnant women were enrolled, including 40 with asthma and 40 non-asthmatic controls. Asthma control was classified according to GINA criteria. Genotyping for Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms was performed using blood samples. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results:The Arg16Arg genotype was associated with an increased risk of asthma during pregnancy (OR=2.95; 95% CI: 1.09–8.00; p=0.05), while Gln27Gln was not significantly associated. Both Arg16Arg (OR=5.05; 95% CI: 1.2–20.2; p=0.01) and Gln27Gln (OR=8.07; 95% CI: 0.64–22.6; p=0.04) were associated with uncontrolled asthma. The combined genotype (Arg16Arg + Gln27Gln) increased the risk of asthma occurrence by 4.38 times and the risk of uncontrolled asthma by 16.25 times. No significant associations were found between asthma status and maternal or fetal complications. Conclusions:The interaction between Arg16Arg and Gln27Gln genotypes significantly increases the risk of asthma occurrence and poor asthma control during pregnancy. However, asthma and uncontrolled asthma were not associated with pregnancy or fetal abnormalities in this study.