ANOVA of kelp cover at 30 m depth among regions separated by 2° to 4° Latitude in (a) Western Australia and (b) New South Wales, and (c) among locations in Tasmania.#

# Non-significant terms with P > 0.25 (*) were eliminated. (a) Region is fixed with 3 levels (Ab, Abrolhos 28° S; Ju, Jurien 30° S; Ro, Rottnest 32° S), Grids is random, nested in Region, with 3 levels. The replicates are the images (n = 100). (b) Region is fixed with 2 levels (PS, Port Stephens 32° S; Ba, Batemans 36° S), Location is random, nested in Region with 2 levels, Grids is random, nested in Location, with 3 levels. The replicates are the images (n = 100). (c) Location is random with 5 levels (all between ∼ 42–43° S), Grids is random, nested in Location, with 2 levels. The replicates are the images (n = 20).ANOVA of kelp cover at 30 m depth among regions separated by 2° to 4° Latitude in (a) Western Australia and (b) New South Wales, and (c) among locations in Tasmania.#