Kefir4All-Citizen Science Project. Adaptations and community changes in milk and water kefir microbiomes in response to environmental parameters as revealed by the Kefir4All Citizen Science Project

Here we apply genome-resolved metagenomic analysis to milk and water kefir metagenomes derived from the same initial microbial population of bacteria and yeast to study compositional change and microbial evolution at the species and strain level. This was facilitated through the contributions of citizen scientists who used the common source of milk or water kefir grain to carry out fermentations using different substrates and growth conditions for up to 21 weeks.