中国219个地面国际交换站气候值数据集（1991-2020）
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数据基本信息数据时间：1991-2020空间位置：中国数据分辨率：按站点数据类型：除原始遥感影像外的栅格数据数据摘要中国219个地面国际交换站气候值数据集（1991-2020）是对1991-2020年期间的地面观测数据进行统计整编后研制形成的统计产品。研制过程中，对站址迁移信息相关的所有要素进行了分段处理，经过系统的质量检查和核实订正，以及基于非均一性检验最终完成气温序列的分段处理。该数据集是在气象大数据云平台（天擎）计算得出的成果。数据集内容包括219个站点的气温、降水、气压、风速、水汽压、积雪、日照、冰雹日数共8个要素观测基础上统计的1991-2020年累年平均值、极值、出现日数等数据。数据集存储为.csv、doc和.xlsx格式，由222个数据文件组成，数据量为3.36 MB（压缩为1个文件566 KB）。数据作者（联系人）信息姓名：廖捷, 石岩, 陈杰, 赵煜飞联系人电话：010-68409797邮编：100081联系人邮箱：liaoj@cma.gov.cn单位：国家气象信息中心地址：北京海淀区中关村南大街46号数据引用方式及申明廖捷, 石岩, 陈杰, 赵煜飞. 中国219个地面国际交换站气候值数据集（1991-2020）[J/DB/OL]. 全球变化数据仓储电子杂志(中英文), 2022. https://doi.org/10.3974/geodb.2022.11.06.V1.数据溯源信息数据来源描述：1991-2020 年中国地面气候值数据集研制采用的数据源为国家气象信息中 心归档的中国地面气象站的观测数据。2011 年，国家气象信息中心对 1951-2010 年 2400 余个地面站气温、气压、降水、湿度、日照等 19 类要素的定时观测资料 和日极值资料中由数字化引起的系统性问题（例如数字化遗漏、整段拷贝等问题） 进行质量检测、质量控制和错误数据的更正，形成高质量的地面基础资料集（任 芝花等，2012）。本次气候值研制采用了这套资料集中的的 1991-2010 年地面日 值数据。2011-2020 年的数据来源于各台站上报的地面月报数据文件（A 文件） 里的日值数据，该日值数据经过三级质量控制，具有较好的准确性（任芝花等， 2015）数据生成过程描述：中国地面气象观测要素 1991-2020 年气候值共包括气温、降水等 14 类要素（各要素统计项目及精度见表 1）的平均值、总量值、极值、日数、频率、最长连续日数和止日、稳定通过各界限温度起止日及起止日间积温、降水量、日照时数等共 7 类统计项目。研制气候值的统计方法遵循了国家标准《地面标准气候值统计方法》及《WMO 气候平均值的计算指南》（WMO，2017）。数据质量信息：主要给出了 1991-2020 年中国地面气候值的整体概况，以及气温、降水、能见度、风速共 4 个要素的标准气候值的评估结果。评估主要分析了以上要素空间分布特征、与 1981-2010 年差值空间分布及频数分布、气候趋势分析、差异较大台站时序分析等.
### Basic Data Information Data Time Period: 1991-2020 Spatial Coverage: China Data Resolution: Station-based Data Type: Gridded data excluding original remote sensing images ### Data Abstract The *China 219 Surface International Exchange Station Climatic Values Dataset (1991-2020)* is a statistical product developed through statistical compilation and processing of ground observational data collected between 1991 and 2020. During its development, all elements related to station relocation information were processed in segments, followed by systematic quality inspection, verification and correction, and finally the segmented processing of temperature series based on inhomogeneity tests. This dataset was generated via computations on the Meteorological Big Data Cloud Platform (Tianqing). The dataset includes statistics such as multi-year averages, extreme values, and occurrence days for the period 1991-2020, derived from observations of 8 elements at 219 stations: air temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, water vapor pressure, snow cover, sunshine duration, and number of hail days. The dataset is stored in .csv, .doc, and .xlsx formats, consisting of 222 individual data files with a total size of 3.36 MB (compressed to 566 KB in a single archive file). ### Data Author (Contact) Information Names: Liao Jie, Shi Yan, Chen Jie, Zhao Yufei Contact Phone: +86-10-68409797 Postal Code: 100081 Contact Email: liaoj@cma.gov.cn Affiliation: National Meteorological Information Center Address: No. 46, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, China ### Data Citation and Declaration Liao, J., Shi, Y., Chen, J., Zhao, Y. F. (2022). China 219 Surface International Exchange Station Climatic Values Dataset (1991-2020) [J/DB/OL]. *Electronic Journal of Global Change Data Repository (Chinese and English)*, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3974/geodb.2022.11.06.V1. ### Data Provenance Information #### Data Source Description The data sources used for developing the 1991-2020 China Surface Climatic Values Dataset are the observational data from China's surface meteorological stations archived by the National Meteorological Information Center. In 2011, the National Meteorological Information Center conducted quality detection, quality control, and correction of erroneous data for systematic issues caused by digitization (such as digitization omissions, full-section copying, etc.) in the hourly observational data and daily extreme value data of 19 elements including temperature, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, humidity, and sunshine duration from over 2400 surface stations during 1951-2010, forming a high-quality surface basic dataset (Ren et al., 2012). This climatic value development used the daily surface data from 1991-2010 in this dataset. Data from 2011-2020 were sourced from daily value data in the monthly surface report data files (File A) submitted by each station, which had undergone three-level quality control and had good accuracy (Ren et al., 2015). #### Data Generation Process Description The 1991-2020 climatic values of Chinese surface meteorological observation elements cover 7 types of statistical items including average values, total values, extreme values, days, frequencies, maximum consecutive days and ending dates, start/end dates and accumulated temperature/precipitation/sunshine duration during the periods when temperature stably passes various threshold temperatures, for 14 elements such as air temperature and precipitation (statistical items and accuracy of each element are shown in Table 1). The statistical methods for developing climatic values follow the national standard *Statistical Methods for Surface Standard Climatic Values* and the *WMO Guide to Calculation of Climatic Averages* (WMO, 2017). ### Data Quality Information It mainly provides an overall overview of the 1991-2020 China Surface Climatic Values, as well as the assessment results of standard climatic values for 4 elements: air temperature, precipitation, visibility, and wind speed. The assessment mainly analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of the above elements, the spatial and frequency distributions of differences compared with the 1981-2010 period, climatic trend analysis, time series analysis of stations with large differences, etc.
