Performance Analysis of 5G User Plane Positioning via LCS-UPP

This contribution addresses 5G user plane positioning by providing an implementation and a performance analysis of selected procedures of the Location Services User Plane Protocol (LCS-UPP) according to Release 18 of the 3GPP TS 24.572. More precisely, the following pieces of information are included: time measurements of the LCS-UPP transport time depending on different TLS 1.3 implementation approaches and potential LPP payload size, reference to a corresponding GitLab repository that contains the implementation files. Note: The contents are part of the following publication: "User Plane Positioning in 5G Networks: A Design Space Study for Implementation". The corresponding paper was presented at the 21st International IEEE Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS 2025, June 10-13 2025). Update Version 2: A performance analysis of the LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) on top of LCS-UPP has been added. In more detail, the transaction time of the LPP capabilities and location information transfer was investigated. Therefore, the following data were added: time measurements of the LPP transaction time depending on the number of used technologies and the presence of a line of sight connection to the serving 5G base station, the contents of the referenced GitLab repository have been updated. Note: The contents are part of the following publication: "In the Spotlight of 5G User Plane Positioning: A Study of Indoor Scenarios on the Real-World Stage". This paper was presented at the 15th International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN 2025, September 15-18 2025).