Long-term mowing regulates the responses of above- and below-ground net primary productivity stability to water and nitrogen addition in a temperate steppe

Global change (e.g., nitrogen deposition or shift in precipitation pattern) and anthropogenic activities (e.g., mowing) substantially alter grassland ecosystem structure and functions, whereas how global change combined with long-term mowing influence above- and below-ground net primary productivity (ANPP and BNPP) stability is still unclear. We investigated the changes in the stability of ANPP and BNPP, and the underlying driving factors in a 19-year water and nitrogen addition experiments under long-term mowing and no-mowing regimes in a temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia.