A comparison of the clinical parameters between groups without and with hyperuricemia.

OHA: oral hypoglycemic agents, ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker, CCB: calcium channel blocker, GFR: glomerular filtration rate, CKD: chronic kidney disease, ABI: ankle-brachial index, baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, and IMT: intima-media thickness#Drinkers were defined as those who consumed more than 20 g/day of ethanol.##Obesity was considered to be present in individuals with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2.$Diabetic retinopathy includes simple, pre-proliferative, and proliferative retinopathies.$$Diabetic nephropathy includes ACR stages II, III, and IV.