THE UZBEK LANGUAGE AND CULTURE DURING THE KARAKHANID ERA

In this article, the author discusses the Karluk state and the Karluks, their language and cultural life, the literary works created during that period, as well as the formation of the Uzbek ethnos. In the formation of the Uzbek ethnos, the Karluk–Chigil language played a leading role.

The Karakhanids, as a state established in the 10th century in the region between Transoxiana and Eastern Turkestan, used Khāqāni Turkic as the official written language. During this period, alongside the Uyghur script, the Arabic script was also widely used.