Demographic characteristics of the study population and clinical course of the patients with dengue.

DF, dengue fever; DF/WS, DF with warning signs; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; nd, not determined.
aDays from symptom onset until the interview;
bprimary infection was defined as IgM antibody level >1.0 and IgG/IgM antibody ratio <0.5. Secondary infection was defined as IgG antibody level >1.0 and IgG/IgM antibody ratio >1.0 or IgM antibody level <1.0 and IgG antibody level >1.0.
cincludes skin haemorrhages, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, urinary tract haemorrhage or metrorrhagia;
dsigns of vascular leakage (pleural or pericardial effusion, ascites);
epulse pressure <20 mmHg or hypotensive for age.
*p≤0.05 vs. Controls;
†p≤0.05 vs. DF;
‡p≤0.05 vs. DF/WS. Statistical differences were assessed by Mann-Whitney U test.